Ulimwengu: Historia
Ulimwengu kwa ujumla na hasa dunia
imeumbwa zamani sana kabla ya binadamu kuletwa au kuwa
ni kitu kinachojulikana. Mwanadamu ametanguliwa na
viumbe vingi duniani, na kwa hivyo yeye anachukuliwa ni
mgeni zaidi kuliko wanyama, samaki, vidudu na miti.
Kabla hatujazungumzia ulimwengu na tarehe yake,
tungependa kueleza kidogo kuhusu hii dunia yetu na
madola yaliyokuwemo.
Eneo la dunia ni [510,066,000 kilomita
mraba] kwa ujumla. Maji yamechukuwa eneo kubwa
zaidi kuliko ardhi, nayo takriban ni asilimia 70.9 ya
dunia yote, yakiwa yameenea kwenye masafa ya
[361,419,000 kilomita mraba], na katika hayo asilimia 97
ni maji ya bahari yaliyochukuwa eneo la [335,258,000
kilomita mraba], na yaliyobakia yakiwa asilimia 3 ni
maji matamu katika mito na maziwa. Ardhi au nchi kavu
kwa upande mwengine imekalia sehemu iliyobakia ya
asilimia 29.1 ya dunia katika eneo la [148,647,000
kilomita mraba]
Ikijieleza zaidi dunia, inasema kuwa
kuna katika ulimwengu wetu huu, mabara saba (7): Asia,
Afrika, Marekani ya kaskazini, Marekani ya kusini,
Antaktika, Ulaya, na Australia. Bara lililochukuwa eneo
kubwa zaidi duniani ni bara la Asia ambalo lina eneo la
44,579,000 kilomita mraba, kisha Afrika lenye eneo
30,065,000 kilomita mraba, likifuatiwa na bara la
Marekani ya kaskazini lenye eneo la 24,256,000 kilomita
mraba, kisha la Marekani ya kusini lenye eneo la
17,819,000 kilomita mraba, Antaktika ni bara kubwa
kuliko bara la Uropa lenye eneo la 13,209,000 kilomita
mraba, kisha linafuatiwa na bara la Ulaya lenye eneo la
9,938,000 kilomita mraba, na mwisho ni bara la Australia
ambalo ndio dogo zaidi likiwa na eneo la 7,687,000
kilomita mraba.
Nchi za Ulimwengu
Kuna nchi nyingi duniani zikitafautiana
kwa ukubwa, nguvu, idadi ya watu, mali asili, uzuri wa
mandhari ya nchi na nishati. Kwa ujumla, kuna nchi 192
katika dunia, zikizidi na kupungua kulingana na vita na
kutekwa kwa baadhi ya nchi au makubaliano ya kimataifa
ya kuungana na kuwa kitu kimoja. Kutokana na nchi 192 za
dunia, 53 ziko Afrika, 46 katika Ulaya, 44 katika Asia,
23 katika Marekani ya Kaskazini, 14 kwenye Oshania na
Australia, na 12 katika Marekani ya Kusini.
Madola ya Ulimwengu
Bara la
Afrika |
Bara la Asia |
Marekani Kaskazini |
Marekani Kusini |
Bara la Oshania |
Bara la Ulaya |
Algeria (Algiers) |
Afghanistani
(Kabul) |
Antigua
na
Barbuda
(St. John's) |
Bolivia
(Sucre) |
Australia (Canberra) |
Albania (Tirane) |
Angola (Luanda) |
Azerbaijan (Baku) |
Bahamas (Nassau) |
Brazil
(Brasilia) |
Fiji (Suva) |
Andorra
(Andorra la Vella) |
Benin (Port-Novo) |
Bahrain
(Manama) |
Barbados
(Bridgetown)
|
Chile (Santiago) |
Kiribati (Bairiki) |
Armenia (Yerevan) |
Botswana (Gaborone) |
Bangladesh (Dhaka) |
Belize (Belmopan)
|
Colombia (Bogota) |
Marshall Islands
(Majuro) |
Austria
(Vienna) |
Burundi (Bujumbura) |
Bhutan (Thimphu) |
Canada (Ottawa)
|
Ecuador (Quito) |
Micronesia (Palikir) |
Belarus (Minsk) |
C. A. R.
(Bangui) |
Brunei (Bander Seri Begawan) |
Costa Rica (San Jose) |
Guyana (Georgetown) |
Nauru
(hakuna mji mkuu rasmi) |
Belgium
(Brussels) |
Chad (N'Djamena) |
Burma/Myanmar (Yangon) |
Cuba (Havana) |
Paraguay (Asuncion) |
New Zealand
(Wellington) |
Bulgaria (Sofia) |
Comoros
(Moroni) |
Cambodia (Phnom Penh) |
Dominica (Roseau)
|
Peru (Lima) |
Palau (Koror) |
Cape Verde
(Praia) |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
China (Beijing) |
Dominican Rep (Santo Domingo)
|
Suriname
(Paramaribo) |
Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby) |
Croatia
(Zagreb) |
DRC (Kinshasa) |
East Timor (Dili) |
El Salvador (San
Salvador)
|
Uruguay (Montevideo) |
Samoa (Apia) |
Cyprus
(Nicosia) |
Cote d'Ivoire (Yamoussoukro) |
India (New Delhi) |
Grenada (St. George's)
|
Venezuela (Caracas) |
Tonga
(Nuku'alofa) |
Czech Republic (Prague) |
Djibouti (Djibouti) |
Indonesia (Jakarta) |
Guatemala (Guatemala City)
|
|
Tuvalu
(Funafuti) |
Denmark (Copenhagen) |
Egypt (Cairo) |
Iran
(Tehran) |
Haiti
(Port-au-Prince) |
|
Vanuatu
(Port-Vila) |
Estonia (Tallinn) |
Equatorial Guinea (Malabo) |
Iraq (Baghdad) |
Honduras (Tegucigalpa) |
|
Visiwa vya Solomoni (Honiara) |
Finland (Helsinki) |
Eritrea
(Asmara) |
Israel (Jerusalem) |
Jamaica (Kingston) |
|
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Georgia (Tbilisi) |
Ethiopia (Addis
Ababa) |
Japan
(Tokyo) |
Mexico
(Mexico City)
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Germany
(Berlin) |
Gabon (Liberville) |
Jordan (Amman) |
Nicaragua (Managua)
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Greece (Athens) |
Gambia (Banjul) |
Kazakstan (Astana) |
Panama (Panama City) |
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Hungary (Budapest)
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Ghana (Accra) |
Korea Kaskazini (Pyongyang) |
Saint Kitts
na Nevis
(Basseterre) |
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Iceland (Reykjavik) |
Guinea (Conakry) |
Korea
Kusini (Seoul) |
Saint Lucia (Castries) |
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Ireland (Dublin) |
Guinea-Bissau (Bissau) |
Kuwait
(Jiji la Kuwait) |
Saint
Vincent na Grenadines (Kingstown) |
|
|
Italy (Rome) |
Kenya
(Nairobi) |
Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) |
Trinidad
na Tobago
(Port-of-Spain) |
|
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Latvia (Riga) |
Lesotho (Maseru) |
Laos (Vientiane) |
United States (Washington D.C.) |
|
|
Liechtenstein (Vaduz) |
Liberia (Monrovia) |
Lebanon (Beirut) |
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Lithuania (Vilnius) |
Libya (Tripoli) |
Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) |
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Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |
Madagascar (Antananarivo) |
Maldives (Male) |
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Macedonia (Skopje) |
Malawi (Lilongwe) |
Mongolia (Ulan Bator) |
|
|
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Malta (Valletta) |
Mali
(Bamako) |
Nepal (Kathmandu) |
|
|
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Moldova (Chisinau) |
Mauritania (Nouakchott) |
Oman (Muscat) |
|
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Monaco (Monaco) |
Mauritius (Port Louis) |
Pakistan (Islamabad) |
|
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Netherlands (Amsterdam, The Hague) |
Morocco
(Rabat) |
Philippines (Manila) |
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Netherlands (Amsterdam, The Hague) |
Mozambique
(Maputo) |
Qatar (Doha) |
|
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Norway (Oslo) |
Namibia (Windhoek) |
Russian Federation
(Moscow) |
|
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Poland
(Warsaw) |
Niger
(Niamey) |
Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) |
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Portugal (Lisbon) |
Nigeria (Abuja) |
Singapore (Jiji la Singapore) |
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Romania (Bucharest) |
Rwanda (Kigali) |
Sri Lanka
(Colombo) |
|
|
|
San Marino (San Marino) |
Sao Tome
na
Principe (Sao Tome) |
Syria
(Damascus) |
|
|
|
Serbia & Montenegro |
Senegal (Dakar) |
Taiwan (Taipei) |
|
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Slovakia (Bratislava) |
Seychelles (Victoria) |
Tajikistan (Dushanbe) |
|
|
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Slovenia (Ljubljana) |
Sierra
Leone (Freetown) |
Thailand (Bangkok) |
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Spain (Madrid) |
Somalia
(Mogadishu) |
Turkey
(Ankara) |
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Sweden (Stockholm) |
South Africa (Pretoria, Cape Town,
Bloemfontein) |
Turkmenistan (Ashgabat) |
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Switzerland (Bern) |
Sudan (Khartoum) |
United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi)
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` |
Ukraine (Kiev) |
Swaziland (Mbabane) |
Vietnam (Hanoi) |
|
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United Kingdom
(London)
|
Tanzania (Dodoma) |
Yemen (Sana) |
|
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Vatican City |
Togo (Lome) |
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Tunisia (Tunis) |
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Uganda (Kampala) |
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Zambia (Lusaka) |
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Zimbabwe
(Harare) |
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Western Sahara |
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